The Safavid Empire of Persia

The Safavid Empire, based in Persia (Iran), ruled over much of southwestern Asia from 1501 to 1736. Members of the Safavid Dynasty likely were of Kurdish Persian descent and belonged to a unique order of Sufi -infused Shia Islam called Safaviyya. In fact, it was the founder of the Safavid Empire, Shah Ismail I, who forcibly converted Iran from Sunni to Shia Islam and established Shiism as the state religion. Its Massive Reach At its height, the Safavid Dynasty controlled not only the entirety of what is now Iran, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, but also most of Afghanistan, Iraq, Georgia, and the Caucasus, and parts of Turkey, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan. As one of the powerful gunpowder empires of the age, the Safavids re-established Persias place as a key player in economics and geopolitics at the intersection of the eastern and western worlds. It ruled over the western reaches of the late Silk Road, although the overland trade routes were quickly being supplanted by ocean-going trading vessels. Sovereignty The greatest Safavid ruler was Shah Abbas I (r. 1587 - 1629), who modernized the Persian military, adding musketeers and artillery-men; moved the capital city deeper into the Persian heartland; and established a policy of tolerance towards Christians in the empire. However, Shah Abbas was fearful to the point of paranoia about the assassination and executed or blinded all of his sons to prevent them from replacing him. As a result, the empire began a long, slow slide into obscurity after his death in 1629.

1984 and Nazism - 1401 Words

Nobody can disagree with the fact that George Orwell’s vision, in his book 1984, didn’t come true. Though many people worried that the world might actually come to what Orwell thought, the year 1984 came and went and the world that Orwell created was something people did not have to worry about anymore. Many people have wondered what was happening in Orwell’s life and in his time that would inspire him to create this politically motivated book. A totalitarian world where one person rules and declares what is a crime and what is not, is something many people would have been scared of a lot. The totalitarianism in 1984 is very similar to the Nazism that was occurring in Germany with Hitler. This could have been the key thing that motivated†¦show more content†¦An example from 1984 would be Mr. Charrington, the shop owner of a secondhand store where Winston buys a diary and a glass paperweight. He is not what he seems when he captures Winston and Julia, Win stons lover, in the room above the shop, with a uniform of the Thought Police on. The Thought Police reminds me very much of Hitlers secret police, the Gestapo. They were a group chosen to investigate and combat all tendencies dangerous to the state (Bradley 1). Many people were scared of them because they would arrest people and make them guilty of a crime, and without a trial, they would go straight to a concentration camp or some other place. Many people, like churchmen, had to be cautious because anything they wrote or said would be noted by the Gestapo (Bradley 1). Orwell couldn’t have thought of everything involving the Thought Police by himself, which is why the Gestapo is a great inspiration to create something like the Thought Police. Living the life of a member of the Outer Party is not easy, just like it was not easy being a Jew in Nazi Germany. The concentrations camps and the many race laws made it difficult for many people. The Jews could not do things like take a pre-college exam, be in a Nazi youth group, or be in the work service because of the race laws (Crane 53). This is kind of like the proles, where there were things that they could not have and do that The Party could. Just like in 1984, whereShow MoreRelatedControl Of Senses And Its Fallacy1510 Words   |  7 Pagesthere is a force that can restrain and control the sensory functions of the human race, that force will be able to control the humans to achieve anything. In George Orwell’s 1984, the control of human sensible qualities in order to achieve power is shown through the act of the Party. However, inferred from the Appendix of 1984, Oceania eventually falls. In a perfect system where the Party strictly controls the sense of people of Oceania, it seems quite odd that the system has failed, going againstRead MoreArticle Abstracts: Concept of Nazism1283 Words   |  5 PagesAbstracts 2. Wikipedia. (2012). Nazism. Accessed 3 May 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazism This encyclopedia-like article aims to describe the concept of Nazism from an historical perspective, educating the general public on what the general sentiments, feelings, and politics of the Nazis and the overall perspective of Nazism truly were, and of how the attitudes, values, and beliefs of Nazism came about and were able to spread in Germany and beyond. A purely descriptive methodology is usedRead MoreThe Themes Of 1984 And George Orwells 19841237 Words   |  5 Pagestopics in his book, 1984. In 1984, George Orwell illustrates what a totalitarian society would be like. At the time that he wrote this book, many citizens of England were afraid of their government having too much power over them. Orwell wrote 1984 to warn the public of what a powerful government can lead to. Even currently, 1984 can be related to different places or events in our world. The purpose of this paper will be to show how the past and present connect to George Orwell’s 1984. The misuse of power Read More1984 Discussion1069 Words   |  5 Pages1984 Discussion Questions 1. The world within which Winston lives is replete with contradictions. For example a, major tenet of the Partys philosophy is that War is Peace. Similarly, the Ministry of Love serves as, what we would consider, a department of war. What role do these contradictions serve on a grand scale? Discuss other contradictions inherent in the Partys philosophy. What role does contradiction serve within the framework of Doublethink? How does Doublethink satisfy the needs of TheRead MoreAnalysis Of 1984 s 1984 1317 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature and Composition Summer Project 1984 Ms. Shaw 1. 1984 The title 1984 is significant to the some of the themes throughout the novel which are developing technology, propaganda, and the ability to manipulate the truth. Developing technology is shown throughout the novel when telescreens and bombs become commonly used within society; these are examples of the technology modernizing throughout this time period. A second theme significant to the novel 1984 is propaganda led by using an exampleRead MoreCritical Analysis and Evaluation of 1984, by George Orwell.1487 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwell 1984 The New American Library Copyright 1961 George Orwell George Orwell, whose real name was Eric Blair, was born in Bengal, India, in 1903. When he was eight years old, as it was customary, his mother brought him back to England to be educated. He was sent to a boarding school on the south coast, a school whose students were sons of the upper class. He was allowed in with lower tuition and not being from a wealthy background, he was subject to snobbery of the others at the schoolRead MoreThe Literary Impact Of George Orwell . George Orwell, Born1375 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most important science fiction writers of modern time (Elkins). George Orwell, due to his early life experiences, inspired millions to challenge and think independently about their government by writing two of the greatest novels of all times, 1984, and Animal Farm. George Orwell was born June 25, 1903 in Motihari, Bihar in India. This was at the time that India was part of the British Empire. His father was a British civil servant, who worked for the Opium Department. His mother was theRead MoreThe Reasons For The Weimar Republic s Collapse1284 Words   |  6 Pagesintolerance, intense nationalism and fervid militarism, an ineffectual but belligerent left, and a splintered, indignant, insecure right† (Allen 1984, 146). The division within the communities worsened to such a degree that the only way people settled disagreements were by fighting. By 1933 there were no â€Å"fewer than thirty-seven political fights† (Allen 1984, 146). The multifaceted parties split between the communities, which prevented the kind of stable groundwork necessary for a democracy to formRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film The Lives Of Others 1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe film The Lives of Others takes place in 1984 East Germany, Stasi officer Hauptmann Ge rd Wiesler is assigned to spy on playwright Georg Dreyman.Wiesler soon learns the real reason behind the surveillance: Minister of Culture Bruno Hempf covets Dreymans girlfriend, actress Christa-Maria Sieland, and is trying to eliminate his rival. Through his surveillance, Wiesler knows Dreyman and Sieland are in love. Wiesler, resuming his role as Stasi interrogator, forces Sieland to tell him where the typewriterRead MorePropaganda Purposes in the Olympic Games Essay663 Words   |  3 Pagesused in the past I will firstly mention the 1936- Berlin games, as these have been the greatest example of the games being used for propaganda purposes since the re-birth of the Olympics in 1896. Despite IOC concerns of the rise of Nazism in Germany at the time they were unable to move the games. German IOC members had given assurances that rules would be abided by and so the games were to be held in Berlin. The belief that no Nazi policies would interfere with the

Mahoney and Millman Free Essays

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Inappropriate Behavior of Adler-.com

Question: What was the inappropriate behaviour displayed by Adler as an officer of HIH and other Companies he managed and controlled? Answer: Introduction: In case, ASIC v Adler [2002] allegation related to contravention of Corporation Act 2001 was made against the four defendants that was Mr. Adler, Mr. Williams, Mr. Fodera and Adler Corporation Pty Ltd. This case was filed by Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC), and ASIC stated that defendants conduct nine transactions which contravene the provisions of Corporation Act 2001. These transactions are conducted for the purpose of misleading the shareholders of HIH. This case mainly focuses on the duties of the directors and other officers of the company operating within Australia. Inappropriate behavior of Adler: Nine transactions was highlighted by ASIC which were conducted by defendants, and especially by Mr. Adler and Adler Corporation Pty Ltd. It must be noted that Adler Corporation Pty Ltd was owned by Mr. Adler. First transaction was related to the advance payment of $ 10 million which was requested by Mr. Adler, and made by HIHC (subsidiary of HIH) to the Pacific Eagle Equity Pty Ltd. (PEE). Mr. Williams and Mr. Fodera were accused for the purpose of making this payment on behalf of the HIH. PEE was established by Mr. Adler for the purpose of making investment for HIHC. Mr. Adler purchased shares of HIH through PEE for $ 3,991,856.21 for stabilizing the share price of HIH, so that he can maintain the value of his shares in HIH by making the impression that shares of the HIH get support from the market. Later, Mr. Adler sold the shares through AEUT at the loss of $2,121,261.11. AEUT was incorporated through trust deed in which PEE was the trustee. These transactions are performed from the payment of $10 million made by HIH to PEE. These transactions were considered as offense because in these transactions duty of director was breached by Adler, and ASIC can claim against Mr. Adler and Adler Corporation. Mr. Adler fails to compile with their duties as director in both the organization that was HIH and AEUT. There were some other transactions also which includes issues related to unsecured loans by AEUT that cost almost $2,084,345 to the organization. While conducting these transactions, Mr. Adler enables the AEUT to give unsecured loans to: Morehuman Pty Ltd - $160,000. Intagrowth Fund No 1 - $500,000. Pacific capital partners - $200,000. PCP Ensor No. 2 Pty Ltd - $1, 2754755. Therefore, above stated transactions were considered as breach of directors duty by Mr. Adler. Conflict with Australian law: Above stated transactions contravenes various laws such as: Section 208 of the Corporation Act 2001 was contravened which states that before assigning any financial benefit to any specific member of corporate, requires approval from other members also. No evidences were present which states that approval has been taken by the defendants from board of directors (Corporation Act, 2001). Mr. William contravenes section 182 of the Corporation Act 2001. As per this section directors of the company must not use their power for the purpose of generating profit for themselves or any other person (Corporation Act, 2001). Failure on part of Mr. Adler in ensuring the interest of HIH and AEUT, made him liable under section 181(2) and 182(2). As per these sections, directors or other officers of the company need to exercise their power for proper reason and in the interest of the corporation. This section further prevents the director for using their power in inappropriate way. However, section 183 of the Corporations Act 2001 was breached by Mr. Adler and Adler Corporation, because Mr. Adler uses the confidential information of the company for the purpose of generating profits (Corporation Act, 2001). Mr. Adler also contravenes his directors duties under section 108 of the corporation act 2001. As per this section it is the duty of directors and other officers of the company to exercise their power and discharge their duties with reasonable care and skills. Therefore, Court stated that Mr. Adler fails to consider the benefits of the corporation such as HIH and AEUT, which make him liable for the breach of this section under Corporation Act 2001 (Corporation Act, 2001). ASIC further stated that defendants also breach section 180 and 181 of Corporations Act 2001. As per Section 180, director and other officers of the company must perform their duties in such manner which any reasonable person would do so. Mr. Adler and other defendants clearly breach their duties in above stated transactions. Section 181 states that decision made by director must be in the best interest of the corporation, and Mr. Adler and other officers breach this section by failing to ensure the best interest of the organization while making financial decisions. Punishment suffered by Adler: Mr. Adler suffered three punishments which include disqualification of Mr. Adler for the 20 years from managing the responsibilities of corporation under section 206C and 206E. ASIC also seeks for compensation under section 1317H and pecuniary penalty order under section 1317G. According to Section 1317H, court can order against the individual to pay compensation to the company in case any action of the individual cause damage to that company. Therefore, Court considers Mr. Adler and other defendants liable to pay compensation under this section and also make order to pay pecuniary amount of $200,000 (Corporation Act, 2001). Lesson learned from this case: After evaluating the facts of this case, it is clear that duties of directors and actions conducted by them must be put under direct scrutiny of the corporate law, and organizations must incorporate proper procedure in their management for the purpose of avoiding such misconduct in future. Facts of this case also state the important of decisions taken by director, and state that directors must exercise their power and perform their duties on with due care and in good faith for the purpose of ensuring continuous growth and success of the organization (Law Teacher, n.d.). Observations related to this case: After determining the consequences faced by Adler because of his actions, and ratification of other three directors of the company, clearly state the difference between the prior approval of board and ratification. According to Section 208 of the Corporation act 2001, it is necessary to get approval of the directors before availing any kind of profit to the particular member of the board. Therefore, approval is necessary in this situation because it nullify the validity of rectification. Conclusion: After completing this report, numbers of provisions related to corporation Act 201 are clear in mind, and this report also provides the detailed understanding of various sections and duties of directors. However, it also states the importance of corporate law in Australia and duties of directors defined by this law. Actions of Mr. Adler not only highlight the contravention of directors duties but it also states the understanding of responsibility associated with directors of the organization which make them more liable towards the company and stakeholders. It is the duty of directors and other officers of the company to exercise their power and discharge their duties with reasonable care and skills. Because of the actions conducted by Mr. Adler, there are number of punishments which he suffered such as disqualification for the period of 20 years for managing the responsibility of directors, compensation of $450,000 for own-self and similar compensation for the Adler Corporation which states the severity related to the actions in the view of the court. References: ASIC v Adler [2002] NSWSC 171. Corporation Act 2001- Section 208. Corporation Act 2001- Section 182. Corporation Act 2001- Section 181. Corporation Act 2001- Section 108. Corporation Act 2001- Section 206. Corporation Act 2001- Section 1317G. Corporation Act 2001- Section 1317H. Law Teacher. Case Summary ASIC V Adler. Retrieved on 20th August 2017 from: https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/company-law/case-summary-asic-v-adler-law-essays.php.